computer class
syllabus:-
Tools and Applications Lectures: 60 Hrs.
Practical Tutorials: 60 Hrs.
Total: 120 Hrs.
(1) Computer Appreciation
Duration : 04 Hrs.
Characteristics of Computers, Input, Output, Storage Units, CPU, Computer System, Binary Number System Binary to Decimal Conversion, Decimal to Binary Conversion, Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) Code, ASCII Code.
(2) Computer Organization
Duration : 13 Hrs.
1 - Central Processing Unit :
Control Unit, Arithmetic Unit, Instruction Set, Register, Processor Speed.
2 - Memory
Main Memory: Storage Evaluation Criteria, Memory Organization, Capacity, RAM, Read Only Memories, Secondary Storage Devices: Magnetic Disks, Floppy and Hard Disks, Optical Disks CD-ROM, Mass Storage Devices.
3 - Input Devices
Keyboard, Mouse, Trackball, Joystick, Scanner, OMR, Bar-Code reader, MICR Digitizer, Card Reader, Voice Recognition Web Cam, Video Cameras.
4 - Output Devices
Monitors, Printers: Dot matrix, inkjet, laser, Plotters, Computer Output Micro Film (COM), Multimedia Projector, Speech synthesizer, Dumb, smart and intelligent terminal.
5 - Multimedia
What is Multimedia, text, graphics, Animation, Audio, Images, Video, Multimedia Application in Education, Entertainment, Marketing.
6 - Computer Software
Relationship between Hardware and Software, System Software, Application Software, Compiler, Name of some high level languages, free domain software.
(3) Operating Systems
Duration : 13 Hrs.
1 - Disk Operating Systems
Simple DOS Commands, Simple File Operations, Directory Related Commands.
2- Microsoft Windows
An overview of different versions of Widows, Basic Windows elements, File management through Windows, Using essential accessories: Systems tools - Disk cleanup, Disk defragmenter, Entertainment, Games, Calculator, Imaging - Fax, Notepad, Paint, WordPad.
3-Linux
An overview of Linux, Basic Linux elements: System Features, Software Features, File Structure, File handling in Linux, Installation of Linux: HW, SW requirements, Preliminary steps before installation, Specifics on Hard drive repartitioning and booting a Linux System.
(4) Word Processing
Duration : 10 Hrs.
1 - Word processing concepts
Saving, Closing, Opening an existing document, Selecting text, Editing text, Finding and replacing text, Printing documents, Creating and Printing Merged Documents, Character and paragraph Formatting, Page Design and Layout.
2 - Editing and Proofing Tools
Checking and correcting spellings, Handling Graphics, Creating Tables and Charts, Document Templates and Wizards.
(5) Spreadsheet Package
Duration : 10 Hrs.
1 - Spreadsheet Concepts
Creating, Saving and Editing a Workbook, Inserting, Deleting Work Sheets, Entering data a cell formula Copying and Moving data from selected cells, Handling operators in Formulae, Functions: Mathematical, Logical, Statistical, Text, Financial, Date and time functions, Using Function Wizard.
2 - Formatting a Worksheet
Formatting Cells: Changing data alignment, Changing date, number, character, or currency format, Changing font, Adding borders and colors, Printing worksheets, Charts and Graphics: Creating, Previewing, Modifying.
3 - Integrating word processor, spread sheets, web pages
(6) Presentation Package
Duration : 06 Hrs.
Creating, Opening and Saving Presentations, Creating the look of your Presentation, Working in different views, Working with Slides, Adding and Formatting Text, Formatting Paragraphs, Checking Spelling and Correcting with Objects, Adding Clip Art and Other Pictures, Designing Slide Shows, Running and Controlling a Slide Show, Printing Presentations.
(7) Information Technology and Society
Duration : 04 Hrs.
Application of Information technology in Railways, Airlines, Banking, Insurance, Inventory control, Financial Systems, Hotel Management, Education, video games, Telephone exchanges, Mobile Phones, Information kiosks, special effects in Movies.
=============================================================================================
lets start with first unit -1
(1) Computer Appreciation
Duration : 04 Hrs.
Characteristics of Computers, Input, Output, Storage Units, CPU, Computer System, Binary Number System Binary to Decimal Conversion, Decimal to Binary Conversion, Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) Code, ASCII Code.
Characteristics of Computers:-The characteristics of computer are Speed, Accuracy, Automatic, Endurance, Versatility, Storage, Reduction of cost, Intelligent quotient.
Celerity (High Speed)It denotes the speed of a computer. The computer present in the modern world has the speed of nano and pico second. The various speed that are used by the computers from the former generations are as follows:
1 milli second=1*10^-3 second
1 micro second=1*10^-6 second
1 nano second=1*10^-9 second
1 pico second=1*10^-12 second
Thus the speeds are measured.
Authenticity (Accuracy)It denoted the accuracy of the computer. They are reliable and robust. It ever makes a mistake. Most probably the error occurs due to the user rather than the computer. There may be certain hardware mistake but with the advanced technique in hand they are overcome.
Example: Only accurate robots are used to perform the operations for the patients since human hands are not flexible for making operations.
Spontaneous (Automatic)The computers are automatic. It may execute the process without any intervention of user once they are assigned to a work. Once the data or instruction are fetched from the secondary devices such as optical disks, hard disks etc. Immediately they get stored into RAM (primary memory) and then sequentially they get executed.
Pertinacity (Endurance)This denotes that the computers never get tried as the humans do. If there are surplus amount of executions to be made then each and every execution will be executed at the same time period. They can perform their assigned task without taking any refreshment.
Example: Computers which are used for controlling the satellites.
Adaptabilty (Versatile)In our day to day life computers has been a part, with their extended flexibility they are used, all over the world. They can be used as personal computers, for home uses, for business oriented tasks, weather forecasting, space explorations, teaching, railways, banking, medicine etc. All Modern computer can perform different kind of tasks simultaneously.
Storehouse (Memory)Secondary storage devices are the key for the data storage. They store the data for which the user wants to retrieve these data for future use. The examples for various secondary devices are Floppy disk, Optical disks (CS and DVD), Zip drives, Thumb drives etc. The data of smaller size can be easily fetched and they can be copied to the primary memory (RAM).
Example: Data Warehousing made by IBM.
Cheaper (Reduction of cost)Computers are short term investment in order to achieve a long term gain. Though the investment is high they reduce the cost of each and every transaction. They reduce man power and leads to an elegant and efficient way for computing various tasks.
Needs a User interfaceThe only draw back of computer is it cannot make the decision of its own. It needs a guidance to enhance the process. After all computers is a machine
syllabus:-
Tools and Applications Lectures: 60 Hrs.
Practical Tutorials: 60 Hrs.
Total: 120 Hrs.
(1) Computer Appreciation
Duration : 04 Hrs.
Characteristics of Computers, Input, Output, Storage Units, CPU, Computer System, Binary Number System Binary to Decimal Conversion, Decimal to Binary Conversion, Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) Code, ASCII Code.
(2) Computer Organization
Duration : 13 Hrs.
1 - Central Processing Unit :
Control Unit, Arithmetic Unit, Instruction Set, Register, Processor Speed.
2 - Memory
Main Memory: Storage Evaluation Criteria, Memory Organization, Capacity, RAM, Read Only Memories, Secondary Storage Devices: Magnetic Disks, Floppy and Hard Disks, Optical Disks CD-ROM, Mass Storage Devices.
3 - Input Devices
Keyboard, Mouse, Trackball, Joystick, Scanner, OMR, Bar-Code reader, MICR Digitizer, Card Reader, Voice Recognition Web Cam, Video Cameras.
4 - Output Devices
Monitors, Printers: Dot matrix, inkjet, laser, Plotters, Computer Output Micro Film (COM), Multimedia Projector, Speech synthesizer, Dumb, smart and intelligent terminal.
5 - Multimedia
What is Multimedia, text, graphics, Animation, Audio, Images, Video, Multimedia Application in Education, Entertainment, Marketing.
6 - Computer Software
Relationship between Hardware and Software, System Software, Application Software, Compiler, Name of some high level languages, free domain software.
(3) Operating Systems
Duration : 13 Hrs.
1 - Disk Operating Systems
Simple DOS Commands, Simple File Operations, Directory Related Commands.
2- Microsoft Windows
An overview of different versions of Widows, Basic Windows elements, File management through Windows, Using essential accessories: Systems tools - Disk cleanup, Disk defragmenter, Entertainment, Games, Calculator, Imaging - Fax, Notepad, Paint, WordPad.
3-Linux
An overview of Linux, Basic Linux elements: System Features, Software Features, File Structure, File handling in Linux, Installation of Linux: HW, SW requirements, Preliminary steps before installation, Specifics on Hard drive repartitioning and booting a Linux System.
(4) Word Processing
Duration : 10 Hrs.
1 - Word processing concepts
Saving, Closing, Opening an existing document, Selecting text, Editing text, Finding and replacing text, Printing documents, Creating and Printing Merged Documents, Character and paragraph Formatting, Page Design and Layout.
2 - Editing and Proofing Tools
Checking and correcting spellings, Handling Graphics, Creating Tables and Charts, Document Templates and Wizards.
(5) Spreadsheet Package
Duration : 10 Hrs.
1 - Spreadsheet Concepts
Creating, Saving and Editing a Workbook, Inserting, Deleting Work Sheets, Entering data a cell formula Copying and Moving data from selected cells, Handling operators in Formulae, Functions: Mathematical, Logical, Statistical, Text, Financial, Date and time functions, Using Function Wizard.
2 - Formatting a Worksheet
Formatting Cells: Changing data alignment, Changing date, number, character, or currency format, Changing font, Adding borders and colors, Printing worksheets, Charts and Graphics: Creating, Previewing, Modifying.
3 - Integrating word processor, spread sheets, web pages
(6) Presentation Package
Duration : 06 Hrs.
Creating, Opening and Saving Presentations, Creating the look of your Presentation, Working in different views, Working with Slides, Adding and Formatting Text, Formatting Paragraphs, Checking Spelling and Correcting with Objects, Adding Clip Art and Other Pictures, Designing Slide Shows, Running and Controlling a Slide Show, Printing Presentations.
(7) Information Technology and Society
Duration : 04 Hrs.
Application of Information technology in Railways, Airlines, Banking, Insurance, Inventory control, Financial Systems, Hotel Management, Education, video games, Telephone exchanges, Mobile Phones, Information kiosks, special effects in Movies.
=============================================================================================
lets start with first unit -1
(1) Computer Appreciation
Duration : 04 Hrs.
Characteristics of Computers, Input, Output, Storage Units, CPU, Computer System, Binary Number System Binary to Decimal Conversion, Decimal to Binary Conversion, Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) Code, ASCII Code.
Characteristics of Computers:-The characteristics of computer are Speed, Accuracy, Automatic, Endurance, Versatility, Storage, Reduction of cost, Intelligent quotient.
Celerity (High Speed)It denotes the speed of a computer. The computer present in the modern world has the speed of nano and pico second. The various speed that are used by the computers from the former generations are as follows:
1 milli second=1*10^-3 second
1 micro second=1*10^-6 second
1 nano second=1*10^-9 second
1 pico second=1*10^-12 second
Thus the speeds are measured.
Authenticity (Accuracy)It denoted the accuracy of the computer. They are reliable and robust. It ever makes a mistake. Most probably the error occurs due to the user rather than the computer. There may be certain hardware mistake but with the advanced technique in hand they are overcome.
Example: Only accurate robots are used to perform the operations for the patients since human hands are not flexible for making operations.
Spontaneous (Automatic)The computers are automatic. It may execute the process without any intervention of user once they are assigned to a work. Once the data or instruction are fetched from the secondary devices such as optical disks, hard disks etc. Immediately they get stored into RAM (primary memory) and then sequentially they get executed.
Pertinacity (Endurance)This denotes that the computers never get tried as the humans do. If there are surplus amount of executions to be made then each and every execution will be executed at the same time period. They can perform their assigned task without taking any refreshment.
Example: Computers which are used for controlling the satellites.
Adaptabilty (Versatile)In our day to day life computers has been a part, with their extended flexibility they are used, all over the world. They can be used as personal computers, for home uses, for business oriented tasks, weather forecasting, space explorations, teaching, railways, banking, medicine etc. All Modern computer can perform different kind of tasks simultaneously.
Storehouse (Memory)Secondary storage devices are the key for the data storage. They store the data for which the user wants to retrieve these data for future use. The examples for various secondary devices are Floppy disk, Optical disks (CS and DVD), Zip drives, Thumb drives etc. The data of smaller size can be easily fetched and they can be copied to the primary memory (RAM).
Example: Data Warehousing made by IBM.
Cheaper (Reduction of cost)Computers are short term investment in order to achieve a long term gain. Though the investment is high they reduce the cost of each and every transaction. They reduce man power and leads to an elegant and efficient way for computing various tasks.
Needs a User interfaceThe only draw back of computer is it cannot make the decision of its own. It needs a guidance to enhance the process. After all computers is a machine
Input:-In computing, an input device is any peripheral (piece of computer hardware equipment) used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or other information appliance
Output:-An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by an information processing system (such as acomputer) to the outside world.
Storage Units:-Computer data storage, often called storage or memory, refers to computer components and recording media that retain digital data. Data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers.
(storage units means where we store some data for example hard disk ,cd-rom,,pendrive etc etc)
Storage Units:-Computer data storage, often called storage or memory, refers to computer components and recording media that retain digital data. Data storage is a core function and fundamental component of computers.
(storage units means where we store some data for example hard disk ,cd-rom,,pendrive etc etc)
cpu:-The central processing unit (CPU) is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system. The CPU plays a role somewhat analogous to the brain in the computer. The term has been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s.[1] The form, design and implementation of CPUs have changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation remains much the same.
typical components of a CPU are the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations, and the control unit(CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.
cpu has three part as alu,cu and register(high speed memory) and its is called the brain of computer.. below is the graphic image of a cpu chip:-
this concludes the first unit of it tools and application ....it shows the advantages of computer and about its various parts...now lets move on to 2nd chapter
(2) Computer Organization
Duration : 13 Hrs.
1 - Central Processing Unit :
Control Unit, Arithmetic Unit, Instruction Set, Register, Processor Speed.
cpu(central processing unit):- as the cpu is called the brain of the computer .....it has 3 part as alu(arithmetical logical unit) cu(contro unit) and register(temporary memory)
ALU(arithmetical logical unit):-this is responssible to funtion and carry out the arithmetical funtions like (1 ,2,3,4....0 and all operators like + - * /)
and logical unit carry out the comparing operator liek less then greater then and qual to or greater then qual to (< > <=)
CU(control unit):-it controls the and check like what type of operation it is like if it is arithmetic operation or logical operation
register:-these are temporary high speed memory which acts as a medium from ram to cpu and cpu to ram
below i will show two photo of how computer works plz see carefully coz one is simple and one is bit complicated first see the simple one and then go for complicated one
(2) Computer Organization
Duration : 13 Hrs.
1 - Central Processing Unit :
Control Unit, Arithmetic Unit, Instruction Set, Register, Processor Speed.
cpu(central processing unit):- as the cpu is called the brain of the computer .....it has 3 part as alu(arithmetical logical unit) cu(contro unit) and register(temporary memory)
ALU(arithmetical logical unit):-this is responssible to funtion and carry out the arithmetical funtions like (1 ,2,3,4....0 and all operators like + - * /)
and logical unit carry out the comparing operator liek less then greater then and qual to or greater then qual to (< > <=)
CU(control unit):-it controls the and check like what type of operation it is like if it is arithmetic operation or logical operation
register:-these are temporary high speed memory which acts as a medium from ram to cpu and cpu to ram
below i will show two photo of how computer works plz see carefully coz one is simple and one is bit complicated first see the simple one and then go for complicated one
THIS SHOWS HOW COMPUTER WORKS INSIDE
THIS IS THE GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF HOW COMPUTER WORKS INSIDE
3RD CHAPTER:- 2 - Memory
Main Memory: Storage Evaluation Criteria, Memory Organization, Capacity, RAM, Read Only Memories, Secondary Storage Devices: Magnetic Disks, Floppy and Hard Disks, Optical Disks CD-ROM, Mass Storage Devices.
memory-In computing, memory refers to the physical devices used to store programs (sequences of instructions) or data (e.g. program state information) on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a computer or other digital electronic device. The term primary memory is used for the information in physical systems which are fast (i.e. RAM), as a distinction from secondary memory, which are physical devices for program and data storage which are slow to access but offer higher memory capacity. Primary memory stored on secondary memory is called "virtual memory".
e.g.--- rom is called parmanent mamory called even if power is off it works and keeps the data with it and remember if u open a notepad and write sumthing in it and power off and lappy switch off and then if u turn on the lappy u cant recover that file coz it was in ram and ram is temporary memory
and when u save it saved in local disk (a: b : c : d : or etc etc ) means in local hard drive(storage) or in cd rom or in pendrive etc etc
The Memory Organization in a Computer :-
Main Memory: Storage Evaluation Criteria, Memory Organization, Capacity, RAM, Read Only Memories, Secondary Storage Devices: Magnetic Disks, Floppy and Hard Disks, Optical Disks CD-ROM, Mass Storage Devices.
memory-In computing, memory refers to the physical devices used to store programs (sequences of instructions) or data (e.g. program state information) on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a computer or other digital electronic device. The term primary memory is used for the information in physical systems which are fast (i.e. RAM), as a distinction from secondary memory, which are physical devices for program and data storage which are slow to access but offer higher memory capacity. Primary memory stored on secondary memory is called "virtual memory".
e.g.--- rom is called parmanent mamory called even if power is off it works and keeps the data with it and remember if u open a notepad and write sumthing in it and power off and lappy switch off and then if u turn on the lappy u cant recover that file coz it was in ram and ram is temporary memory
and when u save it saved in local disk (a: b : c : d : or etc etc ) means in local hard drive(storage) or in cd rom or in pendrive etc etc
The Memory Organization in a Computer :-
the computer's RAM is a small part of memory organization
A computer's memory is a complicated system. The major components are storage memory, system memory, virtual memory and cache memory. There are several hardware components that are part of the memory structure
Hard Drive
Storage memory is located in the computer's main hard disk drive. The hard drive also contains a segment reserved for virtual memory. When the system's RAM is overused, the computer uses a portion of the hard drive to simulate RAM. The hard drive also contains part of the cache memory. Cache memory is where the system stores instructions that are used frequently.
MMU
The memory management unit is the component of the CPU responsible for moving data from the page files to RAM.
CPU
Hard Drive
Storage memory is located in the computer's main hard disk drive. The hard drive also contains a segment reserved for virtual memory. When the system's RAM is overused, the computer uses a portion of the hard drive to simulate RAM. The hard drive also contains part of the cache memory. Cache memory is where the system stores instructions that are used frequently.
MMU
The memory management unit is the component of the CPU responsible for moving data from the page files to RAM.
CPU
- The central processing unit, or processor, is the computer's main organizing mechanism. It is sometimes called the system's brain. The CPU is in charge of the movements of memory, but also contains cache memory to speed up processes.
- The front side bus is the connection between the RAM and CPU. The FSB's speed affects the speed of the RAM.
Various forms of storage, divided according to their distance from the central processing unit. The fundamental components of a general-purpose computer are arithmetic and logic unit, control circuitry, storage space, and input/output devices. Technology and capacity as in common home computers
note----let me start from first again about memory counting as u know smallest unit is 1 bit means either 1 or 0
1 bit----------------------1 or 0(on or off)
1 bye--------------------8 bit
1 kilobyte(kb)-----------1024 byte
1 megabyte(mb)-------1024 kilobyte
1 gigabyte--------------1024megabyte
1 terabyte(tb)---------1024 gigabyte
the memory capacity of all memory part like RAM, ROM, HARD DISK ,CD DRIVE, PENDRIVE, are subjected to change
2 or 3 years back one average computer had 512 ram ,,,180 0r 250 gb hard disk but now a days its like 4 gb RAM and 500GB hard disk or 1 tera byte hard disk.............previously cd drive was like 720mb and now a days dvd drives are having 4.7 gb space so its been upgrading by more sophisticated technologies
RAM :-(random access memory):-
1 bit----------------------1 or 0(on or off)
1 bye--------------------8 bit
1 kilobyte(kb)-----------1024 byte
1 megabyte(mb)-------1024 kilobyte
1 gigabyte--------------1024megabyte
1 terabyte(tb)---------1024 gigabyte
the memory capacity of all memory part like RAM, ROM, HARD DISK ,CD DRIVE, PENDRIVE, are subjected to change
2 or 3 years back one average computer had 512 ram ,,,180 0r 250 gb hard disk but now a days its like 4 gb RAM and 500GB hard disk or 1 tera byte hard disk.............previously cd drive was like 720mb and now a days dvd drives are having 4.7 gb space so its been upgrading by more sophisticated technologies
RAM :-(random access memory):-
An overview classification of RAM
